No one knows exactly why some people get osteoarthritis in their hands, but certain traits make it more likely:
- Hand trauma. A broken bone, dislocation (for example, when a finger bone separates from the joint), or a previous surgery can cause damage that eventually leads to hand osteoarthritis. Symptoms may not appear until many years after the trauma.
- Malalignment of a joint(s). If the bones in the fingers or wrists do not align properly, there can be excess joint friction resulting in increased cartilage wear. A joint malalignment may exist for years before arthritis develops and becomes painful.
- Repetitive movements. People whose jobs require repetitive hand movements are more likely to develop osteoarthritis. For example, research suggests that women who work as clothing manufacturers, hairdressers, or bakers have higher rates of hand osteoarthritis compared with professional workers.1,2
- Female gender and advanced age. According to a study cited by the CDC,3 9% of women and 4% of men over the age of 26 have hand osteoarthritis that causes pain and can be seen on an X-ray. Those numbers increase to 26% in women and 13% in men when considering people age 71 and older.4
In This Article:
- When Hand Pain Is Osteoarthritis
- Risk Factors for Hand Osteoarthritis
- Recognizing Osteoarthritis in the Hand
- Treatments for Osteoarthritis in Hands
- Hand Osteoarthritis Video
- Family history. Similar to height and hair color, the likelihood of a person developing hand osteoarthritis is influenced by genetics. Researchers suspect that the genes A2BP1 and TBGF1 increase a person’s susceptibility to hand osteoarthritis,5 though genetic testing is not necessary or recommended for diagnosis.
- Obesity. Being overweight is regularly considered a risk factor for osteoarthritis in weight-bearing joints, such as hips and knees, but not for the hands. However, some researchers have found links between obesity and arthritis in the hands.6,7 This link may have to do with excess fat and its effect on the body’s biochemistry.8 More study is needed in this area.
Although these risk factors predispose certain individuals to hand osteoarthritis, some people without any of the above risk factors may develop the condition and some people with all of the above characteristics may never develop arthritis.
References
- 1.Rossignol M et al. Primary osteoar- thritis of hip, knee, and hand in rela tion to occupational exposure. Occup Environ Med 2005; 62: 772–777. As cited in Leung GJ, Rainsford KD, Kean WF. Osteoarthritis of the hand I: aetiology and pathogenesis, risk factors, investigation and diagnosis. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;66(3):339-46. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12196. Epub 2013 Dec 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 24329488.
- 2.Rossignol M, Leclerc A, Allaert FA, Rozenberg S, Valat JP, Avouac B, Coste P, Litvak E, Hilliquin P. Primary osteoarthritis of hip, knee, and hand in relation to occupational exposure. Occup Environ Med. 2005 Nov;62(11):772-7. PubMed PMID: 16234403; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1740886.
- 3.Arthritis: Osteoarthritis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/osteoarthritis.htm. Page last reviewed July 2015. Accessed April 8, 2016.
- 4.Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden N, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Brandt KD, Croft P, Doherty M, Dougados M, Hochberg M, Hunter DJ, Kwoh K, Lohmander LS, Tugwell P. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Feb;16(2):137-62. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.12.013. Review. PubMed PMID: 18279766.
- 5.Hämäläinen S, Solovieva S, Vehmas T, Luoma K, Leino-Arjas P, Hirvonen A. Genetic Influences on Hand Osteoarthritis in Finnish Women – A Replication Study of Candidate Genes. Prokunina-Olsson L, ed. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5):e97417. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097417.
- 6.Carman WJ et al. Obesity as a risk factor for osteoarthritis of the hand and wrist: a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139: 119– 129. As cited in Leung GJ, Rainsford KD, Kean WF. Osteoarthritis of the hand I: aetiology and pathogenesis, risk factors, investigation and diagnosis. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;66(3):339-46. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12196. Epub 2013 Dec 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 24329488.
- 7.Grotle M et al. Obesity and osteoarthritis in knee, hip and/or hand: an epidemiological study in the general population with 10 years follow-up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008; 9: 132. As cited in Leung GJ, Rainsford KD, Kean WF. Osteoarthritis of the hand I: aetiology and pathogenesis, risk factors, investigation and diagnosis. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;66(3):339-46. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12196. Epub 2013 Dec 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 24329488.
- 8.Leung GJ, Rainsford KD, Kean WF. Osteoarthritis of the hand I: aetiology and pathogenesis, risk factors, investigation and diagnosis. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;66(3):339-46. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12196. Epub 2013 Dec 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 24329488.
