Additional Facts and Considerations for Total Hip Replacement Surgery

Hip Replacement Surgery Video

While the basic steps of hip replacement surgery are similar, many variables depend on the patient, the surgeon, and the type of prostheses that are used. Below are some common surgical variables patients may encounter.

• See Post-Surgical Hip Replacement Precautions and Tips

Minimally Invasive
Hip Replacement Surgery

Minimally invasive hip replacement surgery is defined differently by different people. Some surgeons define it by the actual size of the skin incision, with a smaller incision indicating a more minimally invasive procedure. Others define a minimally invasive surgery as one that uses techniques and modified tools to avoid cutting some of the muscle and other soft tissue around the hip; these approaches to the hip are theoretically more "muscle sparing."

• See Minimally Invasive Total Hip Replacement

It is important to recognize that, however it is defined, minimally invasive surgery can be both technically challenging as well as pose a unique set of risks and complications if the surgeon is not trained in the specific surgical methods being used.

• See Minimally Invasive Hip Replacement vs. Traditional Hip Replacement

Computer-Assisted Hip Replacement Surgery

Some surgeons use computers during surgery to help with prosthesis alignment. Early studies indicate that computer-assisted surgery provides better prostheses alignment than conventional approaches, though more research needs to be done regarding the clinical impact, the long-term outcomes and efficacy.^1,2

Types of Prostheses

The socket ("cup") and the femoral stem of the hip replacement, which are the two components in contact with the bone, are most often made of some type of metal. The femoral head ("ball") and the liner of the socket, which is the interface for movement in the hip is comprised of some combination of the following materials: metal, plastic (polyethylene), and/or ceramic.

• Read more: Cemented vs. Cementless Alternatives in Joint Replacement

There is no definitive scientific evidence showing one type of hip prosthesis to be better than another,³ and experts continue to research and debate this issue. However, recently there is an increasing number of studies demonstrating the complications associated with a ‘metal on metal’ interface (i.e. both a metal femoral head and metal liner) surface.^4,5 Ultimately, the type of prosthetic used will depend on the surgeon’s preference and possibly the patient’s age, anatomy and lifestyle.

Cemented versus Cementless Prostheses

Another difference among prostheses is how they are affixed to the bone. Components may be attached with bone cement or they may be "cementless," allowing existing bone to grow into them. Each type has relative advantages and disadvantages. Cementless fixation is the most common technique currently used for both primary and revision hip replacement in North America.

Whether a surgeon uses cemented or uncemented prostheses (or a combination) will depend on the surgeon’s preference and the patient’s lifestyle and physiology.

Patients will want to consider these variables but keep in mind that surgical experience remains one of the most important factors. For example, an experienced surgeon who has expertise in a traditional surgical approach may offer better outcomes than a surgeon who is using the latest technology and methods but has little experience.

• See “When Can I…?” Answers for Hip Replacement Patients